OHT #1 Functional English BBA first semester KIU

 🌟 BBA Functional English – OHT 1 Preparation

Topics: Articles, Nouns, and Pronouns

---

🧩 1. ARTICLES

Articles are words used before nouns to define whether something is specific or general.

Types of Articles:

1. Definite Article:

"The" – refers to something specific or known.

👉 Example: The car is parked outside.

(We know which car we are talking about.)

2. Indefinite Articles:

"A" and "An" – refer to something non-specific.

👉 Example: A boy is playing. (Any boy, not a particular one.)

👉 Example: An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

Rules:

Use "a" before consonant sounds: a dog, a book, a car.

Use "an" before vowel sounds: an umbrella, an hour (silent h), an honest man.

Use "the" before:

Unique things (the sun, the moon).

Superlatives (the best, the tallest).

Things already mentioned or known.

🧠 2. NOUNS

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

Types of Nouns:

1. Proper Noun: Names a specific person/place/thing.

👉 Examples: Ali, Pakistan, Microsoft.

2. Common Noun: General name of a person/place/thing.

👉 Examples: boy, city, company.

3. Concrete Noun: Something you can see, touch, taste, or hear.

👉 Examples: book, music, apple.

4. Abstract Noun: Names an idea or quality.

👉 Examples: love, honesty, beauty.

5. Collective Noun: Refers to a group of people or things.

👉 Examples: team, class, bunch, herd.

6. Countable and Uncountable Nouns:

Countable: table, pen, car.

Uncountable: water, sugar, information.

Examples in Sentences:

Ali (proper) is a student (common) in Gilgit (proper).

Honesty (abstract) is the best policy.

The team (collective) won the match.

---

🗣️ 3. PRONOUNS

A pronoun replaces a noun to avoid repetition.

Types of Pronouns:

1. Personal Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.

👉 Example: Ali is my friend. He is very smart.

2. Possessive Pronouns: my, your, his, her, our, their, its.

👉 Example: This is my book.

3. Reflexive Pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves.

👉 Example: She prepared the food herself.

4. Demonstrative Pronouns: this, that, these, those.

👉 Example: These are beautiful flowers.

5. Interrogative Pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, what.

👉 Example: Who is knocking at the door?

6. Relative Pronouns: who, which, that, whose.

👉 Example: The man who helped me is kind.

7. Indefinite Pronouns: someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, few, many.

👉 Example: Everyone enjoyed the party.

---

✨ Quick Tips for Exam

Always check if a noun needs a/an/the before it.

Avoid repetition by using pronouns correctly.

Remember: “a” → consonant sound, “an” → vowel sound, “the” → specific reference.

Example sentence practice:

A student asked a question. The teacher answered it.

Sara loves her cat. It is very cute.

🧩 PART A: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

(Choose the correct answer)

1. She bought ___ umbrella because it was raining.

a) a  b) an  c) the  d) no article

Answer: b) an

2. ___ Sun rises in the east.

a) a  b) an  c) the  d) no article

Answer: c) the

3. He is ___ honest man.

a) a  b) an  c) the  d) no article

Answer: b) an

4. “Army” is an example of which type of noun?

a) Abstract  b) Collective  c) Proper  d) Common

Answer: b) Collective

5. “Beauty” is a/an ___ noun.

a) Abstract  b) Proper  c) Common  d) Collective

Answer: a) Abstract

6. “Ali” is very smart. He studies daily.

The word “He” is a:

a) Noun  b) Verb  c) Pronoun  d) Adjective

Answer: c) Pronoun

7. The pronoun in this sentence is: “These are my books.”

a) These  b) Books  c) My  d) Are

Answer: a) These

8. Choose the correct sentence:

a) The honesty is best policy.

b) Honesty is a best policy.

c) Honesty is the best policy.

d) An honesty is best policy.

Answer: c) Honesty is the best policy.

9. “The boys are playing football.” — “Boys” is a:

a) Proper Noun  b) Common Noun  c) Collective Noun  d) Abstract Noun

Answer: b) Common Noun

10. ___ Earth revolves around ___ Sun.

a) The, the  b) A, a  c) An, an  d) The, a

Answer: a) The, the

---

✏️ PART B: Fill in the Blanks

1. She is ___ engineer. → an

2. I saw ___ elephant in the zoo. → an

3. ___ honesty is the best policy. → (no article)

4. They have ___ big house in Skardu. → a

5. ___ man who came yesterday is my uncle. → The

6. The baby cried because ___ was hungry. → it

7. My father loves ___ job. → his

8. The class gave ___ teacher a gift. → their

9. A group of sheep is called a ___. → flock

10. The cat cleaned ___ with its tongue. → itself

---

🧠 PART C: Short Questions

1. What is an article? Name its types with examples.

2. Define a noun and explain any three types with examples.

3. What is the difference between common and proper nouns?

4. Define a pronoun. Why do we use pronouns in sentences?

5. Give 5 examples of sentences using different types of pronouns.

Thank you!...